19-3

1) What factors will help a gas dissolve into a liquid (hot or cold, shaken or still, high or low pressure) - hot still and high  2) what factors will help a solid dissolve into a liquid (hot or cold, shaken or still, big pieces with small surface area or small pieces with big surface area) - hot still and small pieces with big surface area. 3) 2Na + Cl 2 --> 2NaCl according to the equation above how much NaCl will you form if you have 100 g of Na?  Take the question amount of sodium(100 g) divided by the equation amount of sodium (2 moles). Set that equal to the question amount of NaCl (X g) divided by the equation amount of NaCl (2 moles).  Convert each moles amount to grams by finding the molar mass. (find the mass on the periodic table for each element if there is more than one and multiply it by the number of moles)  Solve for x  - 254.21 g of NaCl  4) According to the equation above how much sodium would you make if you had 40 g of Cl 2 ? -131.88 g of Na 5) How many atoms are in 1 mole? (hint: its avagadros number. Google it) - 6.022 x 1023  6) How many atoms are in .68 moles? - 4.09 x10^23 7) What is an electrolyte? - a subtances that conduct electricity.  8) Is salt water an electrolyte? - Yes 9) is sugar water an electrolyte? - No  10) A base releases Hydrogen Ions or Hydroxide Ions? - Hydroxide Ions 11) Is a solution with extra solute (the stuff getting dissolved) sitting on the bottom of a beaker that wont dissolve because it has dissolved as much as possible supersaturated, saturated, or unsaturated? - Supersaturated  12) Mixing an acid and a base in equal amounts and concentrations neutralizes it. True or False. - True 13) Explain why oil and water do not mix. Use the words polar and nonpolar. - Because water is polar and oil is nonpolar.  14) How do you make a supersaturated solution? (google if you do not know) - Add heat to the solution and add more solute to the solvent until there is undissolved soilds that remain at the bottom. 15) what pH numbers are for acids and which for bases? - 1-6 for acid and 8-14 are for bases  16) Molarity is the number of moles divided by the number of liters. What is the molarity of 4 moles of HCl in 100 mL of solution? (Hint: how many liters is 100 mL?) -1458.4 molarity 17) how many moles are in 100 g of HCl? Take the number of 1 mol = molar mass. To solve this set the question amount of HCl (100 g) divided by the molar mass of HCl (add it up from the periodic table) equal to the unknown number of moles (x mol) divided by 1 mol.  -2.74 moles  18) Using the number of moles found in #17, what is the molarity of 100 g of HCl in 500 mL of solution? (remember to convert mL to L) -200 19) According to Boyles law what will decrease when you increase the pressure on a gas? (its like squeezing it from all sides) - Volume  20) According to Gay-Lussac's Law what will happen if you heat a closed test tube? - It will explode. 21) Binary acids (which have two parts, Hydrogen and another nonmetal) are named Hydro__ic acid where the blank is part of the second element. For example HCl is Hydrochloric acid. So what is the name for H 3 N? - Hydronitric Acid  22) what is the percent composition of water? To answer this find the total mass of the element using the periodic table. Then divide the total weight of each element (the hydrogen part and the oxygen part) by the total weight of the whole molecule. Multiply answers by 100 to get percent. - H : 88.9 % O : 11.1 % 23) define and give examples of the following types of reactions. Synthesis, Combustion, Single replacement, Double replacement, Decomposition. - Synthesis - A + B -> AB  Combustion - When there is an O and a H2O on the right and O on the left  Single replacement - AB + C -> A + BC  Double replacement - AB + CD -> AC + BD  Decompostiton - When it is broken down into any parts  24) On which side of a reaction are the products? The reactants? - Product is right and the reactants is the left. 25) at what temperature in Celsius does water melt? Boil? - 0 and 100  26) figure out the charge of aluminum and oxygen. (+1,+2....,+3, +4, -3. -2, -1, 0) If you mix aluminum and Oxygen what would the formula of the product be? - Al2O3 27) A molecule and a compound are technically different. Molecules are formed covalently only, so if you see an ionic compound, it is not a molecule. So which of the following are molecules? (H 2 O, NH 3, CO 2 , NaCl) (Hint ionic compounds have a metal and a nonmetal) - CO2  28) when you name covalent molecules you use latin prefixes. For example CO 2 is Carbon Dioxide. So what is the name for the formula N 3 Br 5 ? (3 = tri, 5=penta). Trinitogen pentabromide